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Handbook of Liquid Crystals--Volume I : Foundations and Fundamental Aspects
| Handbook of Liquid Crystals--Volume I : Foundations and Fundamental Aspects |
| Autore | Singh Shri |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (578 pages) |
| ISBN | 3-031-50058-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Liquid Crystals: General Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types and Classification of Liquid Crystals -- 1.2.1 Based on the Chemical Composition -- 1.2.2 Based on Molecules Geometrical Structure -- 1.2.3 Based on Structure and Symmetry -- 1.3 Polymer Liquid Crystals -- 1.4 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals -- 1.5 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals -- 1.6 The Director -- 1.7 Order Parameters -- 1.8 Polymorphism in Mesogenic Materials -- 1.9 An Early Historical Development of Liquid Crystals Science -- 1.10 The Generic Interaction Potential Models Used to Study the Behavior of Liquid Crystals -- 1.10.1 Lattice Models -- 1.10.2 Hard-Particle Models -- 1.10.3 Soft-Particle Models -- 1.10.4 Atomistic Models -- 1.10.5 Coarse-Grained Model -- 1.11 Definition of Order Parameters for Liquid Crystalline Phases in Terms of Distribution Functions -- 1.11.1 n-Particle Density Distribution Functions -- 1.11.2 Order Parameters -- References -- 2 Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: I. Scalar and Anisotropic Properties -- 2.1 Important Liquid Crystal Material Parameters and Physical Properties -- 2.2 Scalar Physical Properties -- 2.2.1 Phase Transition Parameters -- 2.2.2 Tilt Angle -- 2.3 Anisotropic Physical Parameters and Properties -- 2.3.1 Chirality, Ferroelectricity and Spontaneous Polarization -- 2.3.2 The Pitch of Helical Structure -- 2.3.3 Dielectric Permittivity and Dielectric Anisotropy -- 2.3.4 Optical Anisotropy: The Refractive Index (or Birefringence) -- 2.3.5 Magnetic Anisotropy: The Magnetic Susceptibility -- 2.4 External Electric Field Effects -- 2.4.1 Alignment of LC Molecules -- 2.4.2 Response Time -- 2.4.3 Threshold Voltage and Freedericksz Transition -- 2.4.4 Electromechanical Couplings in Liquid Crystals -- 2.4.5 Electroclinic Effect -- 2.4.6 The Clark-Lagerwall Effect.
2.5 Dielectric Heating Effect -- References -- 3 Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals: II. Transport and Elastic Properties -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Transport Properties of Liquid Crystals -- 3.2.1 Mass Transport Diffusion -- 3.2.2 Thermal Conductivity -- 3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity -- 3.2.4 Viscosity -- 3.3 Curvature Elasticity in Liquid Crystals -- 3.3.1 Elastic Continuum Theory of Calamitic Liquid Crystals -- 3.3.2 Elastic Continuum Expression for the Free-Energy Density of Columnar Phases -- 3.4 Molecular Theory for Elastic Constants of Molecular Ordered Phases: SSR Theory -- References -- 4 Measurement of Liquid Crystal Parameters and Physical Properties -- 4.1 Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Sample Cells -- 4.1.1 Deposition of a Transparent Conducting Coating on Glass Substrates -- 4.1.2 Photolithography and Etching -- 4.1.3 Assembling, Sealing and Filling of the Cell -- 4.2 Surface Treatments for Liquid Crystal Alignment -- 4.2.1 Homogeneous Alignment -- 4.2.2 Homeotropic Alignment -- 4.2.3 Hybrid Alignment -- 4.2.4 Tilted Orientation -- 4.3 Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Materials -- 4.3.1 Identification of Liquid Crystals -- 4.4 Thermal Investigations -- 4.4.1 Phase Transition Temperature -- 4.4.2 Temperature Controller -- 4.5 Measurement of Material Parameters -- 4.5.1 Measurement of Tilt Angle -- 4.5.2 Measurement of Helical Pitch -- 4.5.3 Measurement of Spontaneous Polarization -- 4.5.4 Measurement of Response Time -- 4.5.5 Measurement of Threshold Voltage -- 4.6 Measurement of Properties -- 4.6.1 Elastic Constants of LCs -- 4.6.2 Dielectric Properties -- 4.6.3 Optical Transmittance -- 4.6.4 Optical Anisotropy: The Refractive Index (or Birefringence) -- 4.6.5 Diamagnetic Properties -- 4.6.6 Spectroscopic Properties -- 4.6.7 Transport Properties -- 4.7 Measurement of Order Parameters. 4.7.1 Measurements of Order Parameters via Resonance Spectroscopy -- 4.7.2 Measurement of Order Parameters by X-ray Scattering Technique -- 4.7.3 Determination of Order Parameters from Optical Birefringence Measurement -- 4.7.4 Estimation of Order Parameter (S) -- 4.7.5 Comparison of Measurement of Order Parameter S from Different Methods -- 4.8 Measurement of Zeta-Potential -- References -- 5 Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.1 Characteristic Features of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.1.1 Uniaxial Nematic (Nu or N) Phase -- 5.1.2 Biaxial Nematic (Nb) Phase -- 5.1.3 Twist-Bend Nematic (NTB) Phase -- 5.2 Synthesis of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.2.1 Core Structures -- 5.2.2 Linking-, Terminal- and Lateral Groups -- 5.3 Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals -- 5.3.1 Classification of Phase Transitions: Thermodynamic Basis -- 5.3.2 Structures of Some Nematic LCs and the Observed Phase Sequences (Temperature in Between Two Phases Are in °C) Shown by Them -- 5.4 Isotropic Liquid-Uniaxial Nematic (IN) Phase Transition -- 5.4.1 Characteristic Features of IN Phase Transition -- 5.5 Essential Ingredients of Theories for the Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition -- 5.5.1 Phenomenological Theory -- 5.5.2 Mean-Field (MF) Theory -- 5.6 Twist-Bend Nematic (NTB) Phase -- 5.7 Elastic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.7.1 Torsional Elasticity -- 5.7.2 Orientational Elasticity -- 5.7.3 A Nematic LC Can Transmit a Torque: Experimental Evidence -- 5.7.4 Theories for the Elasticity of Nematic Liquid Crystal -- 5.8 Dynamical Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals -- 5.8.1 Dielectric Relaxation in Nematics -- 5.8.2 Fundamental Properties for Describing the Collective Dynamics of Bulk Nematics -- 5.8.3 Dynamical Properties of Nematic Subjected to Shear Flow and Magnetic Field -- References -- 6 Nonchiral Smectic Liquid Crystals. 6.1 Characteristic Features of Nonchiral Smectic Liquid Crystals -- 6.1.1 Non-tilted (Orthogonal) Achiral Smectic Phases -- 6.1.2 Tilted Achiral Smectic Phases -- 6.2 Synthesis of Nonchiral Smectic Liquid Crystals -- 6.2.1 Template Structure for the Synthesis of Achiral Smectic Mesogens -- 6.3 Subphases of the Smectic A Phase -- 6.4 Description of Uniaxial Nematic-Smectic A(NSA) Phase Transition -- 6.4.1 Phenomenological Description of NSA Transition -- 6.4.2 Mean-Field Description of NSA Transition -- 6.4.3 Density Functional Theory (DFT) for NSA Transition -- 6.5 Description of Isotropic-Smectic A (ISA) Transition -- 6.5.1 Phenomenological Description of ISA Transition -- 6.5.2 Density Functional Theory for the NI and ISA Phase Transitions Near Surfaces -- 6.6 Achiral Smectic C (Sm C) Phase and Related Phase Transitions -- 6.6.1 The Sm A-Sm C Phase Transition -- 6.6.2 The Nematic-Smectic A-Smectic C Multicritical Point -- 6.6.3 Phase Transitions Involving Hexatic Smectic Phases -- References -- 7 Liquid Crystals of Disc-Like Molecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types and Classification of Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystals -- 7.2.1 The Achiral and Chiral Discotic Nematic Phases -- 7.2.2 The Columnar Mesophases -- 7.2.3 The Lamellar Mesophase -- 7.3 Design Concept and Synthesis of Monomeric DSLCs -- 7.3.1 Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cores -- 7.3.2 Heteroaromatic Cores -- 7.4 Phase Transitions in Discotic Nematic and Columnar Mesophases -- 7.5 Alignment Techniques for Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystals -- 7.5.1 Alignment by Magnetic Field (or Mechanical Shear) -- 7.5.2 Alignment by Surface Treatment -- 7.5.3 Alignment by Photo-Induced Orientation -- 7.5.4 Uniaxial Alignment of Nanoconfined Columnar Mesophases -- 7.5.5 Controlled Alignment in Microchannels Made Using SU8 Photoresist -- 7.6 Properties of Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystals. 7.6.1 Properties of Discotic Nematic (ND) Phase -- 7.6.2 Properties of Columnar Mesophases -- References -- 8 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Types of Monomer Units -- 8.3 Types of Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.3.1 Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (MCLCPs) -- 8.3.2 Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (SCLCPs) -- 8.3.3 Main-Chain/Side-Chain Combined Liquid Crystalline Polymers (MCSCCLCPs) -- 8.3.4 Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Polymers (CLLCPs) -- 8.4 Synthetic Routes for Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.4.1 Synthesis of Semiflexible MCLCPs -- 8.4.2 Synthesis of SCLCPs -- 8.4.3 Synthesis of MCSCCLCPs -- 8.5 Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers -- 8.5.1 General Features of LCBCPs -- 8.5.2 Synthesis of LCBCPs -- 8.6 Structure-Properties Relationships -- 8.6.1 Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Flexible Polymers -- 8.6.2 Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.7 Polymer Liquid Crystal Phases -- 8.8 Phase Transitions and Phase Diagrams in LCPs -- 8.8.1 Phase Diagram in a Mixture of s-SCLCPS Nematic LCs -- 8.8.2 Nematic Order in Polymer Solutions -- 8.8.3 Phase Equilibria in Polydisperse Systems -- 8.8.4 Nematic Order in Polymer Melts -- 8.8.5 Nematic Order in Lyotropic Solutions of Semiflexible Polymers -- 8.9 Formation of LC Phases in Calamitic Liquid Crystalline Helical Polymers -- 8.10 Disc-Shaped Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 8.10.1 Main-Chain DSLCPs -- 8.10.2 Side-Chain DSLCPs -- 8.11 Preparation of SCLCPs by Combining the ROP and Click Chemistry -- 8.12 Photoactive Liquid Crystalline Polymer -- 8.12.1 Main-Chain Photoactive LCPs -- 8.12.2 Side-Chain Photoactive LCPs -- 8.12.3 Light Activated Shape-Memory and Shape-Changing LCP Networks -- 8.12.4 Surface Dynamics at Photoactive LCP Network -- References -- 9 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals -- 9.1 Introduction: An Overview. 9.1.1 Some Common Polymers Used in Fabrication of PDLC. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910841867803321 |
Singh Shri
|
||
| Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Liquid crystals [[electronic resource] ] : fundamentals / / Shri Singh ; foreword by David A. Dunmur
| Liquid crystals [[electronic resource] ] : fundamentals / / Shri Singh ; foreword by David A. Dunmur |
| Autore | Singh Shri |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New Jersey, : World Scientific, 2002 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (549 p.) |
| Disciplina | 530.4/29 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | DunmurDavid (David A.) |
| Soggetto topico |
Liquid crystals
Crystallography |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN | 981-277-858-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Contents ; Foreword ; Preface ; 1 LIQUID CRYSTALS : MAIN TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION ; 1.1 Introduction ; 1.2 General Types of Liquid Crystals ; 1.3 Classification Of Liquid Crystals : Symmetry and Structure ; 1.4 Calamitic Thermotropic Liquid Crystals
1.5 Mesophases of Disc-Like Molecules 1.6 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals ; 1.7 Mesogenic Materials ; 1.8 Polymorphism in Liquid Crystals ; References ; 2 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS AND ORDER PARAMETERS ; 2.1 Distribution Functions ; 2.2 Order Parameters ; 2.3 Measurement of Order Parameters References 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALS; 3.1 Scalar Physical Properties ; 3.2 Anisotropic Physical Properties ; 3.3 Elastic Constants ; 3.4 Effects of Chemical Structure on the Physical Properties ; References ; 4 NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; 4.1 Essential Features of Uniaxial Nematics 4.2 Nematics of Different Symmetry 4.3 Structure - Property Correlations ; 4.4 Statistical Theories of the Nematic Order; References ; 5 NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS : ELASTOSTATICS AND NEMATODYNAMICS; 5.1 Elastostatics in Nematics ; 5.2 Dynamical Properties of Nematics ; References ; 6 SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 6.1 Symmetry and Characteristics of Smectic Phases 6.2 Structure-Property Relations ; 6.3 Smectic A Phase ; 6.4 The Nematic to Smectic A (N SA) Transition ; 6.5 Polymorphism in SA Phase ; 6.6 Smectic C Phase ; 6.7 Reentrant Phase Transitions (RPT) in Liquid Crystals 6.8 Dynamical Properties of Smectics |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910458235203321 |
|
Singh Shri
|
||
| New Jersey, : World Scientific, 2002 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Liquid crystals [[electronic resource] ] : fundamentals / / Shri Singh ; foreword by David A. Dunmur
| Liquid crystals [[electronic resource] ] : fundamentals / / Shri Singh ; foreword by David A. Dunmur |
| Autore | Singh Shri |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New Jersey, : World Scientific, 2002 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (549 p.) |
| Disciplina | 530.4/29 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | DunmurDavid (David A.) |
| Soggetto topico |
Liquid crystals
Crystallography |
| ISBN | 981-277-858-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Contents ; Foreword ; Preface ; 1 LIQUID CRYSTALS : MAIN TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION ; 1.1 Introduction ; 1.2 General Types of Liquid Crystals ; 1.3 Classification Of Liquid Crystals : Symmetry and Structure ; 1.4 Calamitic Thermotropic Liquid Crystals
1.5 Mesophases of Disc-Like Molecules 1.6 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals ; 1.7 Mesogenic Materials ; 1.8 Polymorphism in Liquid Crystals ; References ; 2 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS AND ORDER PARAMETERS ; 2.1 Distribution Functions ; 2.2 Order Parameters ; 2.3 Measurement of Order Parameters References 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALS; 3.1 Scalar Physical Properties ; 3.2 Anisotropic Physical Properties ; 3.3 Elastic Constants ; 3.4 Effects of Chemical Structure on the Physical Properties ; References ; 4 NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; 4.1 Essential Features of Uniaxial Nematics 4.2 Nematics of Different Symmetry 4.3 Structure - Property Correlations ; 4.4 Statistical Theories of the Nematic Order; References ; 5 NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS : ELASTOSTATICS AND NEMATODYNAMICS; 5.1 Elastostatics in Nematics ; 5.2 Dynamical Properties of Nematics ; References ; 6 SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 6.1 Symmetry and Characteristics of Smectic Phases 6.2 Structure-Property Relations ; 6.3 Smectic A Phase ; 6.4 The Nematic to Smectic A (N SA) Transition ; 6.5 Polymorphism in SA Phase ; 6.6 Smectic C Phase ; 6.7 Reentrant Phase Transitions (RPT) in Liquid Crystals 6.8 Dynamical Properties of Smectics |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910784796003321 |
|
Singh Shri
|
||
| New Jersey, : World Scientific, 2002 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Liquid crystals [[electronic resource] ] : fundamentals / / Shri Singh ; foreword by David A. Dunmur
| Liquid crystals [[electronic resource] ] : fundamentals / / Shri Singh ; foreword by David A. Dunmur |
| Autore | Singh Shri |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | New Jersey, : World Scientific, 2002 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (549 p.) |
| Disciplina | 530.4/29 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | DunmurDavid (David A.) |
| Soggetto topico |
Liquid crystals
Crystallography |
| ISBN | 981-277-858-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Contents ; Foreword ; Preface ; 1 LIQUID CRYSTALS : MAIN TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION ; 1.1 Introduction ; 1.2 General Types of Liquid Crystals ; 1.3 Classification Of Liquid Crystals : Symmetry and Structure ; 1.4 Calamitic Thermotropic Liquid Crystals
1.5 Mesophases of Disc-Like Molecules 1.6 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals ; 1.7 Mesogenic Materials ; 1.8 Polymorphism in Liquid Crystals ; References ; 2 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS AND ORDER PARAMETERS ; 2.1 Distribution Functions ; 2.2 Order Parameters ; 2.3 Measurement of Order Parameters References 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALS; 3.1 Scalar Physical Properties ; 3.2 Anisotropic Physical Properties ; 3.3 Elastic Constants ; 3.4 Effects of Chemical Structure on the Physical Properties ; References ; 4 NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; 4.1 Essential Features of Uniaxial Nematics 4.2 Nematics of Different Symmetry 4.3 Structure - Property Correlations ; 4.4 Statistical Theories of the Nematic Order; References ; 5 NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS : ELASTOSTATICS AND NEMATODYNAMICS; 5.1 Elastostatics in Nematics ; 5.2 Dynamical Properties of Nematics ; References ; 6 SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 6.1 Symmetry and Characteristics of Smectic Phases 6.2 Structure-Property Relations ; 6.3 Smectic A Phase ; 6.4 The Nematic to Smectic A (N SA) Transition ; 6.5 Polymorphism in SA Phase ; 6.6 Smectic C Phase ; 6.7 Reentrant Phase Transitions (RPT) in Liquid Crystals 6.8 Dynamical Properties of Smectics |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910825036903321 |
|
Singh Shri
|
||
| New Jersey, : World Scientific, 2002 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||